{"content":{"sharePage":{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"74467543","dateCreated":"1437563019","smartDate":"Jul 22, 2015","userCreated":{"username":"MarvinR1","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/MarvinR1","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/cs2367-08-su15.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/74467543"},"dateDigested":1532653245,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Deregulation in Texas","description":"DEREGULATION is when there is no government controls in industry, economic markets that would set dos\/don\u2019ts to keep human and human\u2019s environment safe.
\nCite:
\nhttps:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deregulation<\/a>; This page was last modified on 19 July 2015, at 08:46
\nDeregulation Definition". The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2012. Retrieved September 23, 2012.
\n
\nIn the article \u201cFracking Boom Spews Toxic Air Emissions on Texas Residents\u201d. Reveals the deregulation in Texas, by telling of an eight month investigation, which proved Texas State Legislature was intent on protecting the oil and gas industry over its on population.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"74394997","dateCreated":"1436549322","smartDate":"Jul 10, 2015","userCreated":{"username":"Christian.Sattler","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/Christian.Sattler","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/cs2367-08-su15.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/74394997"},"dateDigested":1532653246,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Class Conflict and Fracking in the United States","description":"Class conflict - is the conflict that occurs between groups of different people based upon socioeconomic standing. The conflict typically arises over an issue that can be resolved for the upper class, but cannot be modified for communities of lower economic standing.
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\nOne of the articles I read for this assignment was Poor in Pennsylvania? You're Fracked. The article covers the disproportionate distribution of fracking wells in poorer communities in Pennsylvania. The article is based upon a study that has shown that poorer communities are more likely to deal with hydraulic fracking and are therefore more at risk to the exposure of air and water pollution as a result. The article sites that a majority of active fracking wells in Pennsylvania are located in poorer communities. This begs the question, why are there more active fracking wells in poorer communities than in richer communities? The answer is the in richer communities, community leaders are able to lobby for the closure of hydraulic fracking wells. This difference is a primary example of class conflict. The upper class was able rid their communities of fracking wells and thus the negative health benefits. However, the poorer communities cannot rid themselves of fracking wells and even take on more fracking wells due to their rejection in richer communities.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"74378869","dateCreated":"1436381579","smartDate":"Jul 8, 2015","userCreated":{"username":"grantbuehrer","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/grantbuehrer","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/cs2367-08-su15.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/74378869"},"dateDigested":1532653246,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Deregulation and the Deregulation of Fracking in the United States","description":"Deregulation: The act of removing federal, state and local laws that protect some sort of right or aim to prevent some sort of event from taking place. For deregulation to occur, there has to first exist a plethora of laws and regulations, whose removal would benefit industry. When I think of examples of deregulation I think about the removal of many finance laws that allowed the 2008 Financial Crisis.
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\nIn the Fracking and Water article, deregulation has allowed for the Fracking companies to be able to use increasing levels of public water without there being any repercussions. The concerns laid out in the article state that if current tends continue, the use of water by Fracking companies could lead to an emptying of public reservoirs. In the next year, there is set to be a higher percentage of public water used by these companies than by the pubic themselves. According to the "Fracking Boom Spews" article about Texas and it's regulations, many residents of the areas surronding the Fracking sites have found themselves with adverse health conditions and say that the quaility of air around their homes is so bad that they cannot even go outside without having a headache. The article makes it clear that many of the processing plants used by the Fracking industry in this area of Texas go unregulated, to the point that 6 of the 9 processing facilities are not required to report their emissions. This is frightening because many of the chemicals emitted are known carcinogens, like formaldehyde. In the final article that I read, "Fracking byproducts brings risks and rewards to Ohio" there is a clear disctinction made by the author that there are huge risks to the development of this industry in Southeast Ohio, and those who live in the rest of the state are also affected. Due to the use of Ohio roadways to transport the products and byproducts of fracking, awful pollution to the air around you is guaranteed regardless of where you are in the state.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"74378827","dateCreated":"1436381178","smartDate":"Jul 8, 2015","userCreated":{"username":"jadaearl","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/jadaearl","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/cs2367-08-su15.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/74378827"},"dateDigested":1532653246,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Decreasing State Obligations","description":"As neoliberal policies and ideology advance, nation states (and even the individual states\/provinces within nation states) narrow their allegiance to private sector interests over the interests of the public by decreasing corporate regulations, cutting budgets for social services, and generally forming policies that are "good for business" regardless of their socio-economic repercussions.
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\nDecreasing state obligations is clearly demonstrated in the article about state requirements for measuring mercury pollution in the Ohio River (http:\/\/www.dispatch.com\/content\/stories\/local\/2015\/07\/04\/scrapping-of-mercury-pollution-rule-for-ohio-river-under-fire.html<\/a>)
\n
\nHere is a notable quote from the article: "Now, the commission is considering dropping the requirement. Doing so would allow companies to continue testing for mercury downstream from discharge pipes, after the toxin is diluted by river water.
\n'Say you get a huge glass pitcher of water, and you drop food coloring in that jug of water \u2014 it\u2019s very concentrated initially, but as it starts to disperse, then that dark drop is maybe no longer dark blue, it\u2019s pale blue,' said Randi Pokladnik, a chemist and environmental scientist who submitted comments to the commission opposing the proposal. 'It allows them to put more mercury in the water.'
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\nThe state decreases its obligation to provide safe water to citizens by opting for a policy that benefits industry rather a policy that makes sense to a scientist concerned with the safety of people and fish, not profits. How disturbing, how blatantly out of touch, yet this is how our world runs.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"74378439","dateCreated":"1436378104","smartDate":"Jul 8, 2015","userCreated":{"username":"NateBulman","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/NateBulman","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/cs2367-08-su15.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/74378439"},"dateDigested":1532653246,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Deregulation and Lack of Fracking Oversight","description":"Deregulation: Loosening and lessening of regulations previously set up. Reduces the role and responsibilities of a government or oversight body. According to Merriam Webster it is the act or process of removing restrictions and regulations. Follows along with Neoliberalism we have discussed in class, lessening scope of government, in lessening the welfare state, environmental regulations can go as well. According to a pro energy company website, justenergy.com, deregulation allows for increased competition and more consumer choice.
\n
\nhttp:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/deregulation<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.justenergy.com\/energy-explained\/deregulation\/<\/a>
\n
\nIn the article "Ohio and other Appalachian states slammed by environmentalists for lack of fracking oversight" deregulation can account for the issues of accounting for waste generated by fracking. The article says that 30 years ago the EPA deemed state oversight adequate to track oil and gas waste, but states have not kept up their responsibilities in that arrangement. Lessening the federal government's responsibilities led to states needing to take the initiative, which may have happened initially, but over time the states, like Ohio in this case, have loosened their regulations, or simply failed to keep up to the standards they needed to. A similar issue is highlighted in the article urging Ohio to keep up their clean energy standards. In that article it talks about how the state was considering loosening the laws set to promote clean energy, lessening their oversight responsibilities and opening the door for a step backwards into reliance on coals and other fossil fuels.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"74378403","dateCreated":"1436377824","smartDate":"Jul 8, 2015","userCreated":{"username":"JakeCline23","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/JakeCline23","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/cs2367-08-su15.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/74378403"},"dateDigested":1532653246,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Deregulation","description":"2). According to Investopedia. Deregulation is the reduction or elimination of government power in a particular industry, usually enacted to create more competition within the industry.
\nhttp:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/d\/deregulate.asp<\/a>
\n
\nIn my own words, deregulation is the government pulling back on curtain regulations in an industry, which in the end leads to an increase in competition, also making the industry run more efficiently and cost effective (lower prices).
\n
\n3) Out of all of the articles that I read, the one that I felt most closely showed deregulation was the one from Ohio.com. In the article, the author discusses the tax rates of the fracking industry in Ohio and many other states. When comparing ohio to other major fracking states, Ohio\u2019s tax rates seem to be much lower. This is partly due to the fact of state government deregulation on that tax, allowing it to be much lower than average rates. The problem with this low rate though, stems back to the effect fracking has on its surrounding communities. Fracking has many major environmental effects that come from its processes, so therefore in order to keep the environment around these areas safe much effort and money must spend. To make this happen the current tax rates on natural gas must go up, and also more regulation needs to be set in place by the state.
\n
\nhttp:\/\/www.ohio.com\/blogs\/drilling\/ohio-utica-shale-1.291290\/policy-matters-ohio-industry-should-pay-public-costs-of-drilling-1.599369<\/a>","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"74378279","dateCreated":"1436377396","smartDate":"Jul 8, 2015","userCreated":{"username":"kheonziafranklin","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/kheonziafranklin","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/cs2367-08-su15.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/74378279"},"dateDigested":1532653246,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Invisible and visible violence","description":"Invisible violence is any type of harm that you cannot see and not knowing that it is taking an effect on someone or something. Visible violence is any type of harm that is being done that you are able to see. One example that was mention in class is pollution that is being put in the air from oil companies and waste; which is an example of visible violence.
\n
\nColumbus fights to keep drinking water safe-
\nThe term invisible and visible violence is implied all throughout the article, \u2018Columbus Fights to keep drinking water safe\u2019 in many ways. Invisible violence is shown in this article, when the problem of nitrates from farm fields and lawns went into the public drinking water in Columbus; because you can\u2019t actually see the nitrates in the water you drink. Also from drinking this it can badly affect your health and most people didn\u2019t know that the water can be harmful. When it comes to visible violence in this article is when they talk about how much the city spent over a million dollars to make sure the city water is clean, and this could affect and harm the spending and budget on other things that the city need. It is also visible violence because in the whole the article it exposes the violence that the nitrates do when it is in the water source.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"74377943","dateCreated":"1436375185","smartDate":"Jul 8, 2015","userCreated":{"username":"AleksandrP","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/AleksandrP","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/cs2367-08-su15.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/74377943"},"dateDigested":1532653246,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Class Conflict","description":"Class conflict \u2013 the tension or antagonism which exists in society due to competing socioeconomic interests and desires between people of different classes (Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Class_conflict<\/a>)
\n
\nClass conflict based on inequality in the distribution of income and by alienation in work.
\nAlienation \u2013 within the capitalist mode of production, is that the worker invariable loses the ability to determine his or her life and destiny. (Wikipedia, https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marx's_theory_of_alienation<\/a>)
\n
\n
\nClass conflict around fracking is growing. Reading some of the articles about Utica shale shows that lower class people whose land being used for fracking are not very happy. Companies that use fracking as method to get to gas and oil do not care about environment. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does not want to deal with them to reduce pollution. Some of those landowners who refuse to use their land for fracking were trying to go against, but what middle or lower class person can do to a high class person. For a high class people those landowners do not mean anything and for EPA they serve as the indicator of the fracking results.
\n
\nMagic words for people of United States are: \u201cWe will not be depended on foreign oil and gas if we do the fracking\u201d. Many people believe in then and some of us even believe that gas prices will be lowered. This is how higher class controls middle and lower class. Middle and lower class people do not have many choices.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"74375985","dateCreated":"1436360972","smartDate":"Jul 8, 2015","userCreated":{"username":"JasonHess","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/JasonHess","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/cs2367-08-su15.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/74375985"},"dateDigested":1532653246,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Decreasing State Obligations and the signing of Ohio SB 310","description":"2) Decreasing state obligations can be defined as a diminishing of responsibility for the state to regulate projects and\/or processes that they normally would regulate. This decreased obligation, although can be positive, is more often related with negative outcomes. Decreasing state obligations can also be a way to shift a problem off the state onto another group.
\n
\nhttps:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/cfr\/text\/31\/285.8<\/a>
\n
\n3) In the article titled "Ohio Set to Be First State to Freeze Successful Clean Energy Standards" the issue of decreasing state obligation resonates loud and clear. Ohio Governor John Kasich signed SB 310, which essentially halts progress in the renewable energy sector of Ohio's economy. SB 310 puts a halt to renewable energy and energy efficiency standards that have progressively made Ohio the 8th best state in solar jobs, added thousands of renewable energy jobs in the state, and has supported public health standards. This bill, I argue, diminishes the states obligation to work on providing a cleaner environment for its constituents. Supporters of the bill say that the these clean energy standards, that this bill essentially stalls, cause Ohioans to pay more, but this article provides studies that debunk this notion of increased prices for the average resident. It also can be argued that this issue shows a decrease in state obligation to serve its constituents over special interest groups. I contend that essentially putting a freeze on these standards, that have been in place since 2008, establish a precedent that a powerful elite group can ultimately undermine the states responsibility to have the average Ohioans best interest at heart.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"74372881","dateCreated":"1436319004","smartDate":"Jul 7, 2015","userCreated":{"username":"EvanSzy","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/EvanSzy","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/cs2367-08-su15.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/74372881"},"dateDigested":1532653246,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Class Conflict and Hydraulic Fracturing","description":"2) Class conflict is a relatively recent invention. As this country expanded after the Great Depression and the second World War, there has existed greater stratification of economic well-being. While class segregation and conflict can take on many different forms, for the purpose of this assignment, it refers to rural Americans who do not command the wealth or power to dictate policy affecting them.
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\n3) "Regulations can\u2019t eliminate all the risks, even if the rules are enforced perfectly. Obtaining the energy that powers modern life is an enterprise with risk. But solid rules can acceptably minimize the risks of fracking," was written by the editorial board of the Washington Post last month. Hydraulic fracturing is one of the post polarizing forms of American-made energy today. The prospect of domestically produced efficient and clean-burning fuel is tantalizing for almost everyone, and in Ohio, a state with a potentially sizeable amount of shale oil, is now getting in on the business. Ohio's proposed 4.5% tax on natural gas is a shade lower than the national average (National Conference of State Legislatures), and some, like ohio.com are calling for an increase.
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\nAn increase, unlikely to be popular in the state legislature, would go towards funding affordable housing and proper disposal infrastructure. These directly relate to the issue class conflict. The tax, unlikely to be supported by the oil companies and their proponents, is essential to the safety of those living near and otherwise affected by shale production. According to the Columbus Dispatch, the process of condensation during fracking will contribute to smog in the air, and according to ohio.com, newborns in the area of production plants reported lower birthrates. The cost of fracturing will be burdened by those who can least afford it. Artificial regulations established in Columbus do no good for the people in rural Ohio who are going to have to live with fracturing every day, and they are perhaps the least equipped to do anything about it.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]}],"more":true},"comments":[]},"http":{"code":200,"status":"OK"},"redirectUrl":null,"javascript":null,"notices":{"warning":[],"error":[],"info":[],"success":[]}}